What is WWW?
The term WWW refers to the World Wide Web or simply the Web. The World Wide Web consists of all the public Web sites connected to the Internet worldwide, including the client devices (such as computers and cell phones) that access Web content. The WWW is just one of many applications of the Internet and computer networks. In other words www is a series of computer or server that are interconnected to each other through hypertext. Hypertext is method of representing information in which certain item are highlighted. By selecting the highlighted text you can obtain more information on the same topic. The World Web is based on these technologies:
- HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
- HTTP - Hypertext Text transfer protocol
- Web servers and Web browsers
what is internet and Growth of internet?
Internet is a network of networks that connects peoples and computer worldwide. It can be describe as different point of views:
1.From a social point of view: The internet is a device which millions of peoples are communicating and sharing their ideas and information. They communicate electronically on a one to one basis.
2.From a practical or commercial point of view: The internet is a collection of information that can be searched and retrieved electronically . This collection includes advice of all sort of topics, data, government information , images, museums and access to commercial activities. Tapping into these resources require knowing which tools and services to use.
3.From a technical point of view: The internet is a network of thousand of computer network. Together the networks making up internet consist of over million of system. These computer and networks communicate be exchanging data according to same rules, even though the networks and computer system individually use the different technologies.
Growth of internet: Internet started as a government project in the US has spread all across the world connecting thousands of network and millions of peoples in an amazing truth today. Despite a huge organization, Internet is no owner around the world and works on mutual cooperation and spirit of sharing information. The growth of internet can be estimated by the fact that users on internet were only 124 millions in 2000 while it increased to 175 millions in 2004 in the US. So far growth of internet in india is concerned ,it is going fast. The current internet subscriber base in India is 3.3 millions and the user base is 16.5 millions.
1.From a social point of view: The internet is a device which millions of peoples are communicating and sharing their ideas and information. They communicate electronically on a one to one basis.
2.From a practical or commercial point of view: The internet is a collection of information that can be searched and retrieved electronically . This collection includes advice of all sort of topics, data, government information , images, museums and access to commercial activities. Tapping into these resources require knowing which tools and services to use.
3.From a technical point of view: The internet is a network of thousand of computer network. Together the networks making up internet consist of over million of system. These computer and networks communicate be exchanging data according to same rules, even though the networks and computer system individually use the different technologies.
Growth of internet: Internet started as a government project in the US has spread all across the world connecting thousands of network and millions of peoples in an amazing truth today. Despite a huge organization, Internet is no owner around the world and works on mutual cooperation and spirit of sharing information. The growth of internet can be estimated by the fact that users on internet were only 124 millions in 2000 while it increased to 175 millions in 2004 in the US. So far growth of internet in india is concerned ,it is going fast. The current internet subscriber base in India is 3.3 millions and the user base is 16.5 millions.
Internet intranet?
Internet: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
Intranet:On the other hand, an intranet is a private network that is setup and controlled by an organization to encourage interaction among its members, to improve efficiency and to share information, among other things. Information and resources that are shared on an intranet might include: organizational policies and procedures, announcements, information about new products,An intranet is a restricted-access network that works much like the Internet,. As is the case with the Internet, an intranet is based on TCP/IP protocols. A web page in an intranet may look and act just like any other webpage on the Internet, but access is restricted to authorized persons and devices.
Intranet:On the other hand, an intranet is a private network that is setup and controlled by an organization to encourage interaction among its members, to improve efficiency and to share information, among other things. Information and resources that are shared on an intranet might include: organizational policies and procedures, announcements, information about new products,An intranet is a restricted-access network that works much like the Internet,. As is the case with the Internet, an intranet is based on TCP/IP protocols. A web page in an intranet may look and act just like any other webpage on the Internet, but access is restricted to authorized persons and devices.
What is portal?
A web portal or links page is a web site that functions as a point of access to information in the World Wide Web. A portal presents information from diverse sources in a unified way. Apart from the standard search engine feature, web portals offer other services such as e-mail, news, stock prices, information, databases and entertainment. Portals provide a way for enterprises to provide a consistent look and feel with access control and procedures for multiple applications and databases. Examples of public web portals are AOL, Excite, iGoogle, MSN,
ISP?
An Internet service provider (ISP, also called Internet access provider or IAP) is a company that offers its customers access to the Internet. The ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering Internet Protocol datagrams, such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem or dedicated high-speed interconnects.ISPs may provide Internet e-mail accounts to users which allow them to communicate with one another by sending and receiving electronic messages through their ISPs' servers. (As part of their e-mail service, ISPs usually offer the user an e-mail client software package, developed either internally or through an outside contract arrangement.) ISPs may provide other services such as remotely storing data files on behalf of their customers, as well as other services unique to each particular ISP.
ISP in India: Write about types of connectivity?
ISP in India: Write about types of connectivity?
Types of connectivity?
DIAL UP:Individual users at home and in small business access internet with the help of one telephone line and 56 kbps modem. You have to open a account with the internet service provider to get this connection. The provider is further process the dial up request by maintaining the services through an isp modem by grouping the same. In dial up connection computer uses its modem to dial up the telephone number provided by isp. A connection establish itself between you and ISP. The connection with your response to ISP server and when your computer or server is hung it is disconnected.
Leased line:A permanent telephone connection between two points set up by telecommunication common carrier . Typically, leased lines are used by businesses to connect geographically distant offices. Unlike normal dial-up connections, a leased line is always active. The fee for the connection is a fixed monthly rate. The primary factors affecting the monthly fee are distance between end points and the speed of the circuit. Because the connection doesn't carry anybody else's communications, the carrier can assure a given level of quality. leased lines are being used by companies, and even individuals, for Internet access because they afford faster data transfer rates and are cost-effective if the Internet is used heavily.
DSL: Digital subscriber line operates on the telephone network just like ISDN. But in this connection more advanced digital signal processing and algorithm are used which compress more signal through the telephone line . To establish DSL in an area, it requires some modification in the related telephone network and its component. DSL can provide like ISDN the data sound and fax transmission on a single line. The dsl system is used to cover the large area range between the customer and central office of the telephone.DSL is available in many edition for use in domestic and commercial usage. Each edition provides a different speed level bandwidth and distance .
BROADBAND:When several users share internet connection through a lan, it is of paramount importance that a connection between the network and ISP be appropriate. Inbuilt high speed data circuit can be available from telephone service suppliers. These high speed services are called broadband connection because they use medium like fibre optic and other technologies, that can support multiple signal at a time. In case if you connect through LAN in school or home, the LAN connection can be high speed like T1 and T3. the fast connection can upload large files.
VSAT:SAT is an abbreviation for a Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is basically a two-way satellite ground station with a less than 3 meters tall dish antenna . The transmission rates of VSATs are usually from very low and up to 4 Mbit/s. These VSATs' primary job is accessing the satellites and relaying data from terminals in earth to other terminals and hubs. They will transmit narrow band data, such as the transactions of credit cards data, or broadband data, such as satellite Internet, VoIP, and videos. However, the VSAT technology is also used for various types of communications.
ISDN:Integrated service digital network is a digital phone service which process the sound data and control signaling together on a single phone line. ISDN services are commissioned on standard phone line but it requires a modem and a phone service to operate expense. ISDN can transfer data at 125 kbps.Most telephone companies provide the ISDN connection with faster speed compared to dial up access. Many companies support the ISDN connection while catering to ISP and local phone services for internet access.
RF(Radio frequency):Radio frequency is a terminology used for alternating current with such feature in which current is passed through antennas, appropriate magnetic field is created for wireless transmission and communication . These frequencies cover a major part of electromagnetic radiation spectrum that can extend from kilo hertz, that is minimum allocation for a wireless transmission to thousand giga hertz. When RF is passed through antenna, it produce a electromagnet fields that is telecast via space. This field is called RF field. Several type of wireless device uses RF fields. Wireless cellphones , radio and television transmission centre etc uses.
Leased line:A permanent telephone connection between two points set up by telecommunication common carrier . Typically, leased lines are used by businesses to connect geographically distant offices. Unlike normal dial-up connections, a leased line is always active. The fee for the connection is a fixed monthly rate. The primary factors affecting the monthly fee are distance between end points and the speed of the circuit. Because the connection doesn't carry anybody else's communications, the carrier can assure a given level of quality. leased lines are being used by companies, and even individuals, for Internet access because they afford faster data transfer rates and are cost-effective if the Internet is used heavily.
DSL: Digital subscriber line operates on the telephone network just like ISDN. But in this connection more advanced digital signal processing and algorithm are used which compress more signal through the telephone line . To establish DSL in an area, it requires some modification in the related telephone network and its component. DSL can provide like ISDN the data sound and fax transmission on a single line. The dsl system is used to cover the large area range between the customer and central office of the telephone.DSL is available in many edition for use in domestic and commercial usage. Each edition provides a different speed level bandwidth and distance .
BROADBAND:When several users share internet connection through a lan, it is of paramount importance that a connection between the network and ISP be appropriate. Inbuilt high speed data circuit can be available from telephone service suppliers. These high speed services are called broadband connection because they use medium like fibre optic and other technologies, that can support multiple signal at a time. In case if you connect through LAN in school or home, the LAN connection can be high speed like T1 and T3. the fast connection can upload large files.
VSAT:SAT is an abbreviation for a Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is basically a two-way satellite ground station with a less than 3 meters tall dish antenna . The transmission rates of VSATs are usually from very low and up to 4 Mbit/s. These VSATs' primary job is accessing the satellites and relaying data from terminals in earth to other terminals and hubs. They will transmit narrow band data, such as the transactions of credit cards data, or broadband data, such as satellite Internet, VoIP, and videos. However, the VSAT technology is also used for various types of communications.
ISDN:Integrated service digital network is a digital phone service which process the sound data and control signaling together on a single phone line. ISDN services are commissioned on standard phone line but it requires a modem and a phone service to operate expense. ISDN can transfer data at 125 kbps.Most telephone companies provide the ISDN connection with faster speed compared to dial up access. Many companies support the ISDN connection while catering to ISP and local phone services for internet access.
RF(Radio frequency):Radio frequency is a terminology used for alternating current with such feature in which current is passed through antennas, appropriate magnetic field is created for wireless transmission and communication . These frequencies cover a major part of electromagnetic radiation spectrum that can extend from kilo hertz, that is minimum allocation for a wireless transmission to thousand giga hertz. When RF is passed through antenna, it produce a electromagnet fields that is telecast via space. This field is called RF field. Several type of wireless device uses RF fields. Wireless cellphones , radio and television transmission centre etc uses.
Internet tools & services USENET Gopher Wais Archie Veronica IRC?
1.Usenet: Usenet is a world-wide distributed discussion system. It consists of a set of "newsgroups" with names that are classified hierarchically by subject. "messages" are "posted" to these newsgroups by people on computers with the appropriate software these articles are then broadcast to other interconnected computer systems via a wide variety of networks.
2.Gopher:It is internet retrieval tools available on the internet. A menu based interface is available that provide easy access to information residing on special server called gopher sites. Gopher also perform the same task as FTP command, but its interface is much more user friendly and provide additional function. By selecting the item on the gopher menu, user can move, and display files from remote sites. The menu also makes the user to move from one gopher site to another..
3.WAIS:It stands for wide area information system. It is an another tools that helps you to locate text document. The search is based on the keyword provided. WAIS keeps track of how many times the keyword dis found in the document. WAIS identifies document after calculating which document is more closely to the
related search. You cannot include and or not operator in your search. WAIS only finds the exact match. If not found it gives error not found.
4. Archie: Archie is another search program which helps users to locate files and directory on any anonymous FTp servers anywhere on internet. It was named after archie comic book character. It responds to the queries based on complete or partial filenames. It is very useful for gathering information and indexing widely distributor collection of data. Archie runs as a client program and allows you to retrieve public domain files. Archie sites periodically update their files listing by searching on FTP sites locally.
5.Veronica:Veronica is Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net wide Index to Computer Archives. It is an index of titles and internet gopher items which are updated once every fortnight and provides keyword searches of these titles. A veronica search typically searches the menus of hundreds of gopher servers that are announced on the internet. Once located Veronica allows you to use it.
6.IRC:Internet relay chat is a popular way for internet users to communicate in real time with each other. real time communication means communication with other user in the immediate present. Unlike emails chat does not require a waiting period between the time you send message and the time the other person receives the message. IRC is offered referred as a CB radio of the internet because it enables a few or many peoples to join and discuss. IRC is multi user system where peoples join the channels to talk publicly or privately. Chat message are types on user computer and sent through IRC channels where all the user who have joined that channel receives the message.
2.Gopher:It is internet retrieval tools available on the internet. A menu based interface is available that provide easy access to information residing on special server called gopher sites. Gopher also perform the same task as FTP command, but its interface is much more user friendly and provide additional function. By selecting the item on the gopher menu, user can move, and display files from remote sites. The menu also makes the user to move from one gopher site to another..
3.WAIS:It stands for wide area information system. It is an another tools that helps you to locate text document. The search is based on the keyword provided. WAIS keeps track of how many times the keyword dis found in the document. WAIS identifies document after calculating which document is more closely to the
related search. You cannot include and or not operator in your search. WAIS only finds the exact match. If not found it gives error not found.
4. Archie: Archie is another search program which helps users to locate files and directory on any anonymous FTp servers anywhere on internet. It was named after archie comic book character. It responds to the queries based on complete or partial filenames. It is very useful for gathering information and indexing widely distributor collection of data. Archie runs as a client program and allows you to retrieve public domain files. Archie sites periodically update their files listing by searching on FTP sites locally.
5.Veronica:Veronica is Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net wide Index to Computer Archives. It is an index of titles and internet gopher items which are updated once every fortnight and provides keyword searches of these titles. A veronica search typically searches the menus of hundreds of gopher servers that are announced on the internet. Once located Veronica allows you to use it.
6.IRC:Internet relay chat is a popular way for internet users to communicate in real time with each other. real time communication means communication with other user in the immediate present. Unlike emails chat does not require a waiting period between the time you send message and the time the other person receives the message. IRC is offered referred as a CB radio of the internet because it enables a few or many peoples to join and discuss. IRC is multi user system where peoples join the channels to talk publicly or privately. Chat message are types on user computer and sent through IRC channels where all the user who have joined that channel receives the message.
WEB Browser?
WWW browser are also known as known as a web browser are the software that is used to browse or explore the internet. These are actually client programs and are capable to display and interact with hypertext document. These software are especially designed for web use. Using web browser you can exploit different different services available on net. The World Wide Web is a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. AWeb browsers are used to make it easy to access the World Wide Web. Browsers are able to display Web pages largely in part to an underlying Web protocol called HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. There are two type of browser test type browser and graphical based browser. Graphical supports multimedia like video, animation and audio etc. There are some popular we browser Mozilla firefox, google crome , apple safari etc. Some parts of browser are :
1.Status bar: This is the box at the bottom of your browser window. The status bar displays all sorts of information, depending on what you're doing at the time, but mostly it's for showing load speed.
2.Address bar:This is the box at the top of your browser window that displays the entire URL, or Web site address.
3.Title bar: The title bar is at the very top of your browser window; in both Firefox and Internet Explorer it is the blue bar there at the top. You'll see the title of the Web page there
4.Toolbar Icons: The toolbar and its icons are at the top of your browser window right underneath the Title Bar. This is where you'll see the Back button, the Home button, the Refresh button, etc.
Plugin in web browser: Web browser plug-ins (sometimes plugins) are additional pieces of software that add extra capabilities to your web browser, such as the ability to view movies, run Java applets, or see Flash animations. Unfortunately, since plug-ins run with all the privileges of real applications, they can do absolutely anything to your computer. The Flash plug-in comes with your computer, and most systems also come with a Java plug-in.
SOME WEB BROWSER:
MOZILLA: Firefox is a free, open source Web browser for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation..Firefox is the second or third most widely used browser.. It is based on the Mozilla code base and offers customization options and features such as its capability to block pop-up windows, tabbed browsing, privacy and security measures, smart searching, and RSS live bookmarks. It is a graphical based web browser which comes with the different types of menus...We call also install addon in mozilla ...
GOOGLE CHROME: Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google that uses the WebKit layout engine. It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows. The name is derived from the graphical user interface frame, or "chrome", of web browsers. Chrome is the second most widely used browser..As per need google chrome is available for the latest version of window ....
INTERNET EXPLORER: Windows Internet Explorer is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. Later versions were available as free downloads.Internet Explorer has been the most widely used web browser because it is provided by Microsoft with the version of windows...
APPLE SAFARI: Apple Safari is a Web browser available for the Macintosh and Windows operating systems as well as the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. Safari has been designed based on the premise that the most useful browser is one that "gets out of your way and lets you simply enjoy the Web." Apple's Safari browser is the WebKit engine, which is responsible for functions like displaying graphics, rendering fonts, running Javascript and determining page layout.
1.Status bar: This is the box at the bottom of your browser window. The status bar displays all sorts of information, depending on what you're doing at the time, but mostly it's for showing load speed.
2.Address bar:This is the box at the top of your browser window that displays the entire URL, or Web site address.
3.Title bar: The title bar is at the very top of your browser window; in both Firefox and Internet Explorer it is the blue bar there at the top. You'll see the title of the Web page there
4.Toolbar Icons: The toolbar and its icons are at the top of your browser window right underneath the Title Bar. This is where you'll see the Back button, the Home button, the Refresh button, etc.
Plugin in web browser: Web browser plug-ins (sometimes plugins) are additional pieces of software that add extra capabilities to your web browser, such as the ability to view movies, run Java applets, or see Flash animations. Unfortunately, since plug-ins run with all the privileges of real applications, they can do absolutely anything to your computer. The Flash plug-in comes with your computer, and most systems also come with a Java plug-in.
SOME WEB BROWSER:
MOZILLA: Firefox is a free, open source Web browser for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation..Firefox is the second or third most widely used browser.. It is based on the Mozilla code base and offers customization options and features such as its capability to block pop-up windows, tabbed browsing, privacy and security measures, smart searching, and RSS live bookmarks. It is a graphical based web browser which comes with the different types of menus...We call also install addon in mozilla ...
GOOGLE CHROME: Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google that uses the WebKit layout engine. It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows. The name is derived from the graphical user interface frame, or "chrome", of web browsers. Chrome is the second most widely used browser..As per need google chrome is available for the latest version of window ....
INTERNET EXPLORER: Windows Internet Explorer is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. Later versions were available as free downloads.Internet Explorer has been the most widely used web browser because it is provided by Microsoft with the version of windows...
APPLE SAFARI: Apple Safari is a Web browser available for the Macintosh and Windows operating systems as well as the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. Safari has been designed based on the premise that the most useful browser is one that "gets out of your way and lets you simply enjoy the Web." Apple's Safari browser is the WebKit engine, which is responsible for functions like displaying graphics, rendering fonts, running Javascript and determining page layout.
URL
URL stands for uniform resource locator is the standard way of locating and retrieving information on the world wide network. the tell your browser which piece of information is to retrieve, how to get it and what protocol is to be used in the process. URL can be thought as a postal address for the web. The specify where pages files and other pieces of information are located, making it possible for browser to find and display or even download an information. We provide a URL to our browser so that it can find and access FTP sites.
The syntax of url is:
scheme://host.domains[:port]/path/filename
Where scheme stands for File, FTP, http, Gopher ,WAIS , News , Telnet.
The syntax of url is:
scheme://host.domains[:port]/path/filename
Where scheme stands for File, FTP, http, Gopher ,WAIS , News , Telnet.
DOMAIN NAME & Domain Name System?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participants. Most importantly, it translates name in to ip address and vice versa. the Domain Name System is that it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, www.himanshu.com translates to 192.0.32.10 . DNS is a protocol that can be used on different platform. In the internet a domain name which ends with the (.) period is called FQDN ( Fully qualified domain name) . The domain tree is mainly divided in to generic domain and country domain. Generic defined registered host according to their generic behavior . Each node in the tree defines a domain, which is an index to the domain name database.
.com- dedicated to commercial organization
.edu- dedicated to educational sites
.mil- related to military groups.
.gov - related to government
.org- related to organization
.net- dedicated to network support
.int international organization.
.com- dedicated to commercial organization
.edu- dedicated to educational sites
.mil- related to military groups.
.gov - related to government
.org- related to organization
.net- dedicated to network support
.int international organization.
Search Engines?
A program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. Although search engine is really a general class of programs, the term is often used to specifically describe systems like Google, ALTA VISTA, Yahoo, MAMMA and DOGPILE that enable users to search for documents on the www and Usenet newsgroup. For the search engine activity it is highly recommended that the person had to enter the keywords in the search box which as a results provides the person with a list of all the documents and pages which are relevant to the keyword that had been searched.
Searching the web: It is not always easy to find what you want on the web. That is because there are tens of million of unique websites which contain of hundred of million of web pages. The two most basic and important used web based search tools are the following: using directories and using keywords.
1.A directory enables you to search for the information by selecting categories of subject matter. The directory separates subjects into general categories which are broken down into increasingly specific subcategories. After you select your category or sub directory, a directory displays a list of websites that provide content related to that subject.
2. A search engine lets you search for the information by typing one or more words. The engine the displays the search of information related of you work. This type of search is called keyword search. Any search engine lets you a search based on a single word. Most search engine lest you to search multiple words such as internet and ecommerce . Some sites have their searching way using either directory or keyword. However the differences between two are merged. You can use any of method of your choice.
SOME SEARCH ENGINE:
GOOGLE: A Google Custom Search Engine enables Web site authors to host a Web site (or Web) search box and search results on on their site. Users can customize the search engine that is built using Google's core search technology. In creating your own Google Custom Search Engine you can restrict search results based on specific Web sites and pages you specify. Once you've defined your search engine, Google provides code for a search box that users can copy and then paste right in to their own Web site or blog.
MAMMA This search engine is called the mother of all the search engine . It is a meta search engine and reflects the top result of your search from the best search engine on the internet..TO find your choice type http://www.mamma.com...
Searching the web: It is not always easy to find what you want on the web. That is because there are tens of million of unique websites which contain of hundred of million of web pages. The two most basic and important used web based search tools are the following: using directories and using keywords.
1.A directory enables you to search for the information by selecting categories of subject matter. The directory separates subjects into general categories which are broken down into increasingly specific subcategories. After you select your category or sub directory, a directory displays a list of websites that provide content related to that subject.
2. A search engine lets you search for the information by typing one or more words. The engine the displays the search of information related of you work. This type of search is called keyword search. Any search engine lets you a search based on a single word. Most search engine lest you to search multiple words such as internet and ecommerce . Some sites have their searching way using either directory or keyword. However the differences between two are merged. You can use any of method of your choice.
SOME SEARCH ENGINE:
GOOGLE: A Google Custom Search Engine enables Web site authors to host a Web site (or Web) search box and search results on on their site. Users can customize the search engine that is built using Google's core search technology. In creating your own Google Custom Search Engine you can restrict search results based on specific Web sites and pages you specify. Once you've defined your search engine, Google provides code for a search box that users can copy and then paste right in to their own Web site or blog.
MAMMA This search engine is called the mother of all the search engine . It is a meta search engine and reflects the top result of your search from the best search engine on the internet..TO find your choice type http://www.mamma.com...
mamma.jpg | |
File Size: | 28 kb |
File Type: | jpg |
WEB server
Web server are the final part you will need. A web server does a great deal in making webpages and sites available on internet. The are linking mechanism between you and the web, between people and pages. A large company may have it own server share the resources on the internet .. Without server there would be not web. There a are millions of server present on the web each of which may have thousand of pages. The main work of server is to deliver these pages to your browser when he ask for it. In other words it server web pages to browsers. Web server consist of special hardware and software that makes it possible to carry our browser request. Both browser and server have the relationship like client server model.
TCP/IP PROTOCOL
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or and extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP. TCP/IP is a two-layer program. The higher layer, Transmission Control Protocol, manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that reassembles the packets into the original message. The lower layer, internet protocol , handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this address to see where to forward the message. TCP/IP uses the client server model of communication in which a computer user (a client) requests and is provided a service (such as sending a Web page) by another computer (a server) in the network. TCP/IP communication is primarily point-to-point, meaning each communication is from one point (or host computer) in the network to another point or host computer.
FTP PROTOCOL
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard Internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the Internet. Like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which transfers displayable Web pages and related files, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol , which transfers e-mail, FTP is an application protocol that uses the Internet TCP/Ip protocols. FTP is commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as their server for everyone on the Internet. It's also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers. Consider that there are two machine A & B . A is server and B is client. If B requires any file or information from the server or download any information GET command is used to download any data from FTP server and if the client want to upload any file to any FTP site PUT command is used to upload a file on the FTP server.
Anonymous FPP is a file server that os public and can be accessed by means of any anonymous login and using an email address password. The anonymous ftp server contain software documents and graphic images. The ofter called FTP servers because login name is anonymous. To login to ftp server the user had to enter name anonymous as a username and guest as the password.
Anonymous FPP is a file server that os public and can be accessed by means of any anonymous login and using an email address password. The anonymous ftp server contain software documents and graphic images. The ofter called FTP servers because login name is anonymous. To login to ftp server the user had to enter name anonymous as a username and guest as the password.
HTTP protocol..
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the networking communication language used on the World Wide Web
to exchange text, graphics, sound, and other types of data and
services. HTTP transfers data between globally linked computers in plain
text. A secure version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) instructs Web
browsers to encrypt communication to protect sensitive
information. HTTP operates on the client-server model, where the server is a computer on the Internet hosting a website or data bank, and the client is a computer requesting information from the server. _
Emails?
Electronic mail (email) is the term given to an electronic message, usually a form of simple text message, that a user types at a computer system and is transmitted over some form of computer network to another user, who can read it.In this the entire process almost remain same expect human resources are replaced with computer network.
Concept:email is a system that allows a person or a group to communicate with other using network. A user sends a message over a network and the message stored in the electronic mailbox of the receiver. The electronic mailbox is usually a file on a server, the message in it can be retrieve when the recipient is ready to receive them. User can also edit message , sort save and forward that message to other recipients. If two people are logon at the same time both of them can communicate through email. The benefit of email is Messages can be sent at any time across the world as easily as across the office, to a group of people or a single recipient, without the sender leaving their desk.
MERITS : 1. you can communicate quickly with anyone on the internet and can communicate. Email usually reaches to it destination within a second.
2. The cost of communicating with someone has nothing to do with distance and in many cases the cost does not depend on the size of message . If you pay charges for email the cost is based on the number of message, not where they are sent. Email is cost effective way to communicate with friends , colleagues .
3.You can send letters notes files data and all reports using the same technology.. You can simply attach your file when you compose any mail and send it.
4.You do not have to worry of interrupting someone when you send email. The email is sent and delivered by one computer communicating with the internet. It is put into someone mailbox the recipients is not interrupted by the arrival of email.
5.You can deal with your email at you free time. As soon as the email is received it is not necessary that you have to read your email at that time only you can read it when you are free.
Limitations:
1.Email is not private since message are passed from one system to another, and sometimes through several system or network., the are many opportunities for someone to read mail. Many computer system have protection built in to stop user from reading other users mail, but still it is possible for a administrator to read email.
2.It is difficult to express emotions using emails. Email is a collection of words. When you communicate by email, the recipients doesn't have the benefit of seeing you facial expression or hearing your voice and express your feeling.
3.Some email system can send or receive text file only. Many email system can deal with message in text or character format only. If you want to send or receive message, program or files produced by word processing you may have to access with extra steps. Some email programs using MIME( multipurpose Internet Mail extension) and can deal with message .
4.You can receive too much email and you have to take the time to deal with it.You will have a limit small amount of memory space on your email . If you join an interest group it is possible that you will be flooded with message.You can receive junk email in the same way you receives other type email.
Concept:email is a system that allows a person or a group to communicate with other using network. A user sends a message over a network and the message stored in the electronic mailbox of the receiver. The electronic mailbox is usually a file on a server, the message in it can be retrieve when the recipient is ready to receive them. User can also edit message , sort save and forward that message to other recipients. If two people are logon at the same time both of them can communicate through email. The benefit of email is Messages can be sent at any time across the world as easily as across the office, to a group of people or a single recipient, without the sender leaving their desk.
MERITS : 1. you can communicate quickly with anyone on the internet and can communicate. Email usually reaches to it destination within a second.
2. The cost of communicating with someone has nothing to do with distance and in many cases the cost does not depend on the size of message . If you pay charges for email the cost is based on the number of message, not where they are sent. Email is cost effective way to communicate with friends , colleagues .
3.You can send letters notes files data and all reports using the same technology.. You can simply attach your file when you compose any mail and send it.
4.You do not have to worry of interrupting someone when you send email. The email is sent and delivered by one computer communicating with the internet. It is put into someone mailbox the recipients is not interrupted by the arrival of email.
5.You can deal with your email at you free time. As soon as the email is received it is not necessary that you have to read your email at that time only you can read it when you are free.
Limitations:
1.Email is not private since message are passed from one system to another, and sometimes through several system or network., the are many opportunities for someone to read mail. Many computer system have protection built in to stop user from reading other users mail, but still it is possible for a administrator to read email.
2.It is difficult to express emotions using emails. Email is a collection of words. When you communicate by email, the recipients doesn't have the benefit of seeing you facial expression or hearing your voice and express your feeling.
3.Some email system can send or receive text file only. Many email system can deal with message in text or character format only. If you want to send or receive message, program or files produced by word processing you may have to access with extra steps. Some email programs using MIME( multipurpose Internet Mail extension) and can deal with message .
4.You can receive too much email and you have to take the time to deal with it.You will have a limit small amount of memory space on your email . If you join an interest group it is possible that you will be flooded with message.You can receive junk email in the same way you receives other type email.
Email protocol?
POP:When using the POP protocol all your email messages will be downloaded from the mail server to your local computer. You can choose to leave copies of your emails on the server as well. The advantage is that once your messages are downloaded you can cut the internet connection and read your email at your computer with having a internet connection
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks.SMTP is specified for outgoing mail transport and uses TCP port 25. While electronic mail servers and other mail transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages, user-level client mail applications typically only use SMTP for sending messages to a mail server for relaying.For receiving messages, client applications usually use either the Post Office Protocol (POP) or the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)to access their mail box accounts on a mail server.
IMAP:It is the latest email protocol . IMAP was developed at Stanford university in 1986. It is currently supported by only few email servers and a few modern email clients such as outlook express , Netscape messaging. IMAP can be used as a replacement for well known pop3 protocol. The main difference between two protocol is that with imap4 the new message are stored and manipulated on the email server and with pop3 they are downloaded to email client and then manipulated there
MIME:Multipurpose Internet mail extension is a specification protocol that offers a way to interchange text language with different character sets and multimedia email among many different computer system. MIME allows users to create and read email message containing the following :
1. Character set other than ASCII
2.Graphic images
3.Audio and sound files.
4.Binary files.
MIME support several predefine type of message contents, such as gif image files and postScript program.
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks.SMTP is specified for outgoing mail transport and uses TCP port 25. While electronic mail servers and other mail transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages, user-level client mail applications typically only use SMTP for sending messages to a mail server for relaying.For receiving messages, client applications usually use either the Post Office Protocol (POP) or the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)to access their mail box accounts on a mail server.
IMAP:It is the latest email protocol . IMAP was developed at Stanford university in 1986. It is currently supported by only few email servers and a few modern email clients such as outlook express , Netscape messaging. IMAP can be used as a replacement for well known pop3 protocol. The main difference between two protocol is that with imap4 the new message are stored and manipulated on the email server and with pop3 they are downloaded to email client and then manipulated there
MIME:Multipurpose Internet mail extension is a specification protocol that offers a way to interchange text language with different character sets and multimedia email among many different computer system. MIME allows users to create and read email message containing the following :
1. Character set other than ASCII
2.Graphic images
3.Audio and sound files.
4.Binary files.
MIME support several predefine type of message contents, such as gif image files and postScript program.
Structure of email?
Electronic mail supposed to be most vital reason for the popularity of the internet. Just in second your message is delivered to the destination and in safest manner. Email has the following element:
1.Email address:Email messaging is not very difficult it is just like a traditional way of communication. The most important things of a messaging is the location where you are sending the message to i.e. address. So we must know the address of a person to whom we are sending the message. A typical email address looks like this [email protected]. that contain four words one word before the at sign (@) and two after that. In the email address listed before himanshusince1989 is the name of the user whereas the Hotmail is the name of the domain and the com stands for commercial.
2.Header: the header of electronic mail is the uppermost section of mail. It contain the vital information of both incoming and outgoing.
1.Email address:Email messaging is not very difficult it is just like a traditional way of communication. The most important things of a messaging is the location where you are sending the message to i.e. address. So we must know the address of a person to whom we are sending the message. A typical email address looks like this [email protected]. that contain four words one word before the at sign (@) and two after that. In the email address listed before himanshusince1989 is the name of the user whereas the Hotmail is the name of the domain and the com stands for commercial.
2.Header: the header of electronic mail is the uppermost section of mail. It contain the vital information of both incoming and outgoing.
untitled.jpg | |
File Size: | 70 kb |
File Type: | jpg |
3 Body :The body of email message is the main concern for the sender and receiver .It contain the message. Message body may include unformatted text, formatted text and greeting cards etc.
4.Signature:Signature isn't a signed name but a sequence of lines usually giving the information to the receiver about the person who sent the mail. It is optional and is made up of everything the user want to include.Usually signature has the full name of the sender and some information about how to contact the person by email, phone or fax. Some signature contain a favorite quotes or some pictures created by character typed.Since signature is not included with every piece of email you should make sure that it should be not too long.
5.Attachment:Email message can contain additional information in a file called attachment . Attachment may be file, images and video. Message with attachment is alerted with a flag in the mailbox list.
4.Signature:Signature isn't a signed name but a sequence of lines usually giving the information to the receiver about the person who sent the mail. It is optional and is made up of everything the user want to include.Usually signature has the full name of the sender and some information about how to contact the person by email, phone or fax. Some signature contain a favorite quotes or some pictures created by character typed.Since signature is not included with every piece of email you should make sure that it should be not too long.
5.Attachment:Email message can contain additional information in a file called attachment . Attachment may be file, images and video. Message with attachment is alerted with a flag in the mailbox list.
Mail server and email client programs?
an e-mail server is a computer within your network that works as your virtual post office. A mail server usually consists of a storage area where where e-mail is stored for local users, a set of user definable rules which determine how the mail server should react to the destination of a specific message. It take care of the success delivery of email and messages. As soon as the email is transferred from the source point the mail server acts a responder which checks the mail address to which the email is sent , and provides the successful delivery of the email . In other words we can say that a process from source to destination in the email services is the work of email server.
AN email clients:An email client or email program allows a user to send and receive email by communicating with mail servers. There are many types of email clients with differing features, but they all handle email messages and mail servers in the same basic way. When an email message is sent, the email program contacts the author’s ISP mail server to pass it the message. The mail server is normally named mail.[isp].com or it might be named after the Send Mail Transfer Protocol, smtp.[isp].com. The mail server scans the message’s imbedded headers for addressing information.The email message is sent along to the address, which might involve being passed through several routers.Routers are computers that receive network data and re-route it through the shortest possible path. Assuming nothing goes wrong, the email will reach its destination within seconds or minutes of being sent.Once the receiving mail server has the mail, it stores it in a virtual mailbox. The mail will stay here until the addressee uses his or her email client to check for new mail. When doing so, the email program contacts the receiving mail server, sometimes called a POP3 mail server (for Post Office Protocol 3)When the email program asks the mail server for mail, it checks for any messages addressed to that user. If found, the mail server transfers the messages to the client as requested. Mail servers located on public websites work in the same basic manner as ISP mail servers.
AN email clients:An email client or email program allows a user to send and receive email by communicating with mail servers. There are many types of email clients with differing features, but they all handle email messages and mail servers in the same basic way. When an email message is sent, the email program contacts the author’s ISP mail server to pass it the message. The mail server is normally named mail.[isp].com or it might be named after the Send Mail Transfer Protocol, smtp.[isp].com. The mail server scans the message’s imbedded headers for addressing information.The email message is sent along to the address, which might involve being passed through several routers.Routers are computers that receive network data and re-route it through the shortest possible path. Assuming nothing goes wrong, the email will reach its destination within seconds or minutes of being sent.Once the receiving mail server has the mail, it stores it in a virtual mailbox. The mail will stay here until the addressee uses his or her email client to check for new mail. When doing so, the email program contacts the receiving mail server, sometimes called a POP3 mail server (for Post Office Protocol 3)When the email program asks the mail server for mail, it checks for any messages addressed to that user. If found, the mail server transfers the messages to the client as requested. Mail servers located on public websites work in the same basic manner as ISP mail servers.
web based email
_Email addresses are commonly assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP), but one can also obtain an email address through a website service. This is known as web based email.Most people are familiar with setting up their email
clients to receive mail through their ISP. The client asks for a POP
server (Post Office Protocol) in order to receive mail, and a SMTP
server (Standard Mail Transfer Protocol) in order to send mail. However,
most email clients can also be used to collect web based email by configuring the client to connect to an IMAP server (Internet Message Access Protocol). The IMAP server is part of the host's package. That said, the more common way to access this mail is by using a browser.
Web based email has its advantages, especially for people who travel. Email can be collected by simply visiting a website, negating the need for an email client, or to logon from home. Wherever a public terminal with Internet access exists — from the library to a café to the airport or hotel — one can check, send and receive email quickly and easily.
Web based email has its advantages, especially for people who travel. Email can be collected by simply visiting a website, negating the need for an email client, or to logon from home. Wherever a public terminal with Internet access exists — from the library to a café to the airport or hotel — one can check, send and receive email quickly and easily.
Mailing list?
A mailing list is simply a list of addresses to which the same information is being sent. If you were a magazine publisher, you would have a list of the mailing addresses of all the subscribers to the magazine. In the case of an electronic mailing list, we use a list of email addresses from people interested in hearing about or discussing a given topic.
Types of mailing lists:
1. Announcement lists are are used so that one person or group can send announcements to a group of people, much like a magazine publisher's mailing list is used to send out magazines. For example, a band may use a mailing list to let their fan base know about their upcoming concerts.
2.A discussion list is used to allow a group of people to discuss topics amongst themselves, with everyone able to send mail to the list and have it distributed to everyone in the group. only selected posts are sent on to the groupor only certain people are allowed to send to the group
Mailing lists: Free web based service offering an easy way to run and maintain such lists were popular in 1990s, but now these were taken over. The most popular provider is now yahoo groups. This is used wide range of groups, including the organization. The new version of google groups include free mailing lists services as well as access to Usenet.
Types of mailing lists:
1. Announcement lists are are used so that one person or group can send announcements to a group of people, much like a magazine publisher's mailing list is used to send out magazines. For example, a band may use a mailing list to let their fan base know about their upcoming concerts.
2.A discussion list is used to allow a group of people to discuss topics amongst themselves, with everyone able to send mail to the list and have it distributed to everyone in the group. only selected posts are sent on to the groupor only certain people are allowed to send to the group
Mailing lists: Free web based service offering an easy way to run and maintain such lists were popular in 1990s, but now these were taken over. The most popular provider is now yahoo groups. This is used wide range of groups, including the organization. The new version of google groups include free mailing lists services as well as access to Usenet.
What is modem?
Modem Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between these two forms. there is one standard interface for connecting external modems to computers called RS-232. Consequently, any external modem can be attached to any computer that has an RS-232 port, which almost all personal computers have. There are also modems that come as an expansion board that you can insert into a vacant expansion slot. These are sometimes called onboard or internal modems.
Different Functions of the Modem:In addition to converting digital signals into analog signals, the modems carry out many other tasks. Modems minimize the errors that occur while the transmission of signals.
(1)Error Correction:In this process the modem checks if the information they receive is undamaged. The modems involved in error correction divide the information into packets called frames. Before sending this information, the modems tag each of the framesThe modems that receive the information, verify if the information matchessent by the error-correcting modem.
(2) Compressing the Data: For compressing the data, it is sent together in many bits. The bits are grouped together by the modem, in order to compress them. Various data compression and error correction algorithms are required to support the highest speeds. Other optional features are auto-dial (auto-call) and auto-answer which allow the computer to initiate and accept calls . Most modern modems support a number of different protocols, . Some modem protocols allow the two modems to renegotiate ("retrain") if the initial choice of data rate is too high and gives too many transmission errors.
Different Functions of the Modem:In addition to converting digital signals into analog signals, the modems carry out many other tasks. Modems minimize the errors that occur while the transmission of signals.
(1)Error Correction:In this process the modem checks if the information they receive is undamaged. The modems involved in error correction divide the information into packets called frames. Before sending this information, the modems tag each of the framesThe modems that receive the information, verify if the information matchessent by the error-correcting modem.
(2) Compressing the Data: For compressing the data, it is sent together in many bits. The bits are grouped together by the modem, in order to compress them. Various data compression and error correction algorithms are required to support the highest speeds. Other optional features are auto-dial (auto-call) and auto-answer which allow the computer to initiate and accept calls . Most modern modems support a number of different protocols, . Some modem protocols allow the two modems to renegotiate ("retrain") if the initial choice of data rate is too high and gives too many transmission errors.